paving
Commercial Concrete Paving
Sidewalks, walkways, and commercial paving for retail and municipal projects
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Commercial concrete paving provides durable, low-maintenance surfaces for sidewalks, plazas, walkways, courtyards, and pedestrian areas throughout Cleburne and Johnson County, TX. While concrete parking lots handle vehicular traffic, concrete paving encompasses pedestrian-focused applications where aesthetics, accessibility, slip resistance, and longevity are primary considerations. From municipal sidewalk projects and retail plaza walkways to corporate campus pedestrian networks and institutional pathways, professional concrete paving creates safe, attractive, code-compliant surfaces that enhance property value while serving functional transportation needs.
Concrete paving specifications vary with application but typically use 4-6 inch thickness for pedestrian areas, increasing to 6-8 inches for light vehicular access or service drives. Concrete strength ranges from 3,000-4,000 PSI with air entrainment for freeze-thaw protection in North Texas climate. Surface finishes include broom texture for slip resistance, smooth trowel for decorative areas, exposed aggregate for visual interest and texture, or stamped patterns mimicking brick, stone, or custom designs. All pedestrian paving must comply with ADA accessibility requirements including maximum slopes, cross-slopes, and detectable warning surfaces at curb ramps.
For Cleburne commercial projects, concrete paving must address Johnson County's expansive clay soils through proper base preparation, reinforcement, and joint layout controlling shrinkage cracking. Base courses of 4-6 inches crushed stone provide uniform support and drainage while mitigating soil movement effects. Control joints spaced 4-6 feet create panels with favorable length-to-width ratios, directing cracks to sawcut locations where they're sealed against moisture and debris infiltration. Proper drainage prevents water ponding that creates slip hazards, accelerates deterioration, and violates accessibility codes.
Our commercial paving services encompass complete site evaluation and drainage design, base preparation addressing local soil conditions, precision forming and grading ensuring ADA compliance, quality concrete placement with appropriate finishing for intended use, strategic joint layout and sealing, and optional decorative treatments creating distinctive, upscale appearances. Whether you're developing municipal sidewalk infrastructure, retail plaza walkways, or corporate campus pedestrian networks, professional concrete paving ensures decades of safe, attractive, code-compliant performance throughout Johnson County.
Common Applications
Municipal Sidewalk Construction
Cities and municipalities throughout Johnson County invest in concrete sidewalk networks providing safe pedestrian infrastructure connecting neighborhoods, schools, parks, and commercial districts. Municipal sidewalks must meet stringent ADA requirements, TXDOT specifications (along state highways), and local design standards while accommodating utilities, drainage, and street trees. Concrete's longevity and minimal maintenance align with municipal budget constraints, while smooth surfaces improve accessibility for residents using wheelchairs, walkers, and strollers. Professional construction ensures compliance with all regulations, obtaining necessary permits and easements while coordinating with utility providers and property owners.
Retail Plaza Walkways
Shopping centers and retail developments in Cleburne utilize concrete walkways connecting parking areas to store entrances, linking multiple tenants within strip centers, and creating pedestrian-friendly environments encouraging foot traffic between stores. Decorative treatments such as colored concrete, stamped patterns, or exposed aggregate enhance curb appeal and reinforce branding for upscale retail developments. Wide walkways (6-8 feet minimum) accommodate high pedestrian volumes during peak shopping periods while meeting accessibility requirements. Proper drainage and slip-resistant finishes ensure customer safety in all weather conditions, reducing liability while improving shopping experience.
Corporate Campus Pedestrian Networks
Office parks and corporate campuses develop extensive concrete paving networks connecting buildings, parking areas, outdoor amenities, and adjacent properties. These walkways serve employees, visitors, and delivery personnel while contributing to campus aesthetics and functionality. Wider sections (8-12 feet) accommodate two-way pedestrian traffic, while branches connect to building entrances, outdoor seating areas, and parking. Decorative concrete treatments create professional appearances appropriate for Class A office developments, while thoughtful landscaping integration with trees, planters, and lighting creates pleasant pedestrian environments. Night lighting, security considerations, and seasonal maintenance access are incorporated into design.
Institutional Walkways & Plazas
Schools, hospitals, government facilities, and institutions throughout Johnson County require durable, accessible concrete paving serving high pedestrian volumes while withstanding decades of use with minimal maintenance. Institutional projects prioritize ADA compliance, safety, and longevity over decorative treatments, though exposed aggregate or colored concrete may be used for entries and featured areas. Wide walkways (6-10 feet) accommodate peak traffic during class changes or shift changes, while gathering plazas provide outdoor assembly areas. Proper base construction and drainage are critical as post-construction repairs disrupt institutional operations and present safety liability concerns.
Technical Specifications
Pavement Thickness
Commercial sidewalks and pedestrian paving in Cleburne typically use 4-5 inch thickness providing adequate strength for foot traffic with economical concrete volume. Areas with occasional vehicular crossing (driveway approaches, service access) require 6 inches minimum. Plazas with extensive decorative treatments or planters may use 6-8 inches for structural capacity. Municipal sidewalks meeting TXDOT standards specify 5 inches with 6 inches at driveways. Thickness may increase on poor soils or high-traffic areas based on engineering analysis.
Concrete Mix Design
Sidewalk and paving concrete typically specifies 3,000-3,500 PSI 28-day compressive strength: adequate for pedestrian loads while economical. Higher-traffic areas or decorative applications may use 4,000 PSI. Air entrainment at 4-7% provides freeze-thaw durability in North Texas climate. Slump is maintained at 3-5 inches for placement and finishing. Maximum aggregate size is 3/4 inch for standard paving, 1/2 inch for thin sections or decorative finishes. Fiber reinforcement at 3-5 lbs per cubic yard provides shrinkage crack control. All mixes use low water-cement ratios (under 0.50) for durability.
Base Course Requirements
Crushed stone or stabilized aggregate base is placed in 4-inch maximum lifts compacted to 95% Standard Proctor Density per ASTM D698. Total base thickness is typically 4-6 inches for pedestrian paving on stable subgrades, increasing to 6-8 inches on Johnson County's expansive clay soils or poor bearing conditions. Base materials are free-draining (minimal fines) preventing moisture accumulation that triggers soil expansion. Geotextile fabric may separate base from subgrade preventing fines migration. Properly prepared base is critical for long-term pavement performance.
ADA Compliance Standards
All commercial paving in Cleburne must meet ADA accessibility requirements per 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design. Maximum running slope is 1:12 (8.33%) for accessible routes classified as ramps; slopes under 1:20 (5%) are not considered ramps. Maximum cross-slope is 1:48 (2%) for walkways. Minimum clear width is 36 inches (48 inches preferred for two-way traffic). Changes in level over 1/4 inch require beveled edges (maximum 1:2 slope). Curb ramps require specific slope configurations, detectable warnings using truncated domes, and level landings. Surface must be firm, stable, and slip-resistant.
Joint System Design
Control joints are saw-cut within 12-24 hours at 4-6 foot spacing, creating panels with length-to-width ratios under 1.5:1 (preferably square). Joint depth is 25% of slab thickness (1 inch for 4-inch sidewalks). Isolation joints separate paving from buildings, utility structures, curbs, and other fixed elements using 1/2 inch preformed joint material. Construction joints occur at planned pour terminations with keyed or doweled edges for load transfer across joints. All joints receive sealant after curing: polyurethane or silicone applied over backer rod preventing moisture and debris infiltration.
Surface Finishes
Standard pedestrian paving receives medium broom finish perpendicular to primary traffic direction, providing slip resistance while allowing water drainage and comfortable foot traffic. Accessible routes may use lighter broom finish or smooth trowel finish meeting ADA friction requirements while remaining navigable for wheelchairs. Decorative areas use exposed aggregate (revealing decorative stone), stamped patterns (mimicking brick, stone, or tile), or smooth trowel finishes for polished appearance. All finishes must provide adequate slip resistance when wet: critical for safety and liability prevention in North Texas climate with frequent thunderstorms.
Drainage Requirements
Sidewalk drainage is designed for positive flow directing water away from pedestrian surfaces, buildings, and adjacent properties. Minimum slope is 1% (1/8 inch per foot) with 2% preferred for reliable drainage. Cross-slope typically matches longitudinal slope. For wider walkways (over 8 feet), crowning or cross-slope directs water to edges where it's collected by landscaping, drains, or sheet flow to permeable areas. All drainage complies with municipal stormwater regulations and ADA cross-slope limits. Proper drainage prevents ponding that creates slip hazards, accelerates deterioration, and violates accessibility codes.
Detectable Warning Surfaces
ADA requires detectable warning surfaces at curb ramps alerting visually impaired pedestrians to transition from sidewalk to vehicular way. Warnings use truncated domes in contrasting color (typically yellow on gray concrete, though red or other colors are compliant if contrast ratio meets standards). Domes are arranged in specific pattern with defined spacing and dimensions per ADA specifications. Installation methods include surface-applied systems anchored or adhered to cured concrete, or cast-in systems placed during concrete finishing. All installations undergo inspection for proper placement, secure attachment, and compliance with dimensional requirements.
Project Timeline
Site Preparation & Layout
Remove existing paving or vegetation, establish final grades per drainage plan, and mark paving limits using survey control. Verify utility locations through 811 call before excavation, exposing utilities as needed to prevent damage. Install erosion controls protecting adjacent properties and storm drains. For projects in public right-of-way, install traffic control and pedestrian detours per approved plans.
1-3 days depending on project size
Excavation & Base Installation
Excavate to design depth (typically 8-12 inches below finished grade), removing unsuitable soils and disposing off-site. For Johnson County's expansive clays, excavation may extend deeper with replacement by select fill. Place and compact crushed stone base in 4-inch lifts to design thickness (typically 4-6 inches), with each lift tested for 95%+ density. Base provides uniform support, drainage, and mitigation of soil movements.
2-5 days
Formwork & Grading
Install edge forms establishing paving limits, grades, and elevations per plans. Forms are staked and braced securely, with top edges set to finished paving elevation using laser levels or survey instruments. Verify all slopes meet ADA requirements (maximum 1:12 for ramps, 1:48 cross-slope). Install expansion joint material at fixed objects (buildings, utility structures) and isolation joints separating paving from other concrete elements.
2-4 days
Concrete Placement & Finishing
Place concrete using trucks or buggies, spreading to slightly above forms using rakes and shovels. Screed concrete to proper elevation using straight edges or laser screeds, then float surface removing imperfections. Apply finish texture appropriate for use: broom finish perpendicular to traffic flow for slip resistance on walkways, smoother finishes for decorative areas, or specialized techniques for stamped or exposed aggregate. Edge all joints and form edges with edging tools.
1-3 days depending on paving area
Joint Cutting
Saw-cut control joints within 12-24 hours after placement, creating panels with 4-6 foot spacing and favorable length-to-width ratios. Joints are cut to 25% of slab depth. Early-entry saws may be used 2-6 hours after placement for rapid-setting mixes or fast-track projects. Proper joint timing prevents random cracking while avoiding raveling from premature cutting.
1-2 days following placement
Curing Period
Protect concrete from traffic during initial curing achieving adequate strength for pedestrian loads, typically 3-5 days in Cleburne's climate. Curing compounds are applied immediately after finishing, with supplemental wet-curing or protective coverings used in temperature extremes. Barricades and caution tape prevent premature traffic while allowing passage on alternate routes.
3-7 days
Joint Sealing & Final Details
After minimum 7-day cure, clean joints using compressed air or vacuums removing debris and laitance. Install backer rod to proper depth, then apply polyurethane or silicone sealant filling joints flush with surface. Install detectable warning surfaces at curb ramps using surface-applied or cast-in truncated domes. Remove forms, backfill edges, fine-grade adjacent areas, and clean paving surface. Final inspection verifies ADA compliance and construction quality.
2-3 days
Cleburne & Johnson County Considerations
TXDOT Sidewalk Standards: Commercial properties along state highways in Cleburne (US 67, State Highway 174, State Highway 171) must construct sidewalks meeting TXDOT specifications and obtain TXDOT permits for work within state right-of-way. TXDOT standards specify 5-inch thickness (6 inches at driveways), 5-foot width minimum, 3,000 PSI concrete with air entrainment, and compliance with TXDOT Standard Specifications for Construction and Maintenance. Curb ramps must meet both TXDOT and ADA requirements, sometimes more restrictive than standard ADA provisions. TXDOT permit process typically adds 4-8 weeks to project schedules due to submittal requirements, review processes, and inspection protocols. We maintain familiarity with TXDOT procedures and can coordinate permit applications concurrent with local permitting to avoid delays.
City of Cleburne Sidewalk Requirements: The City of Cleburne enforces comprehensive sidewalk standards for commercial developments including minimum 5-foot width on minor streets (6 feet on collectors and arterials), ADA-compliant curb ramps at all intersections and mid-block crossings, and continuous pedestrian networks connecting to adjacent properties and public infrastructure. New commercial developments must provide sidewalks along all street frontages, with connectivity requirements ensuring pedestrian access to transit stops, crosswalks, and neighboring developments. Existing properties undergoing substantial renovations may trigger sidewalk improvement requirements bringing non-compliant facilities to current standards. All sidewalk plans undergo review by City Engineering Department verifying drainage, ADA compliance, and connectivity before building permits are issued.
Expansive Soil Base Preparation: Johnson County's expansive Eagle Ford clay soils require enhanced base preparation for long-term concrete paving performance. Standard practice includes excavating 10-12 inches below finished grade, removing all organic topsoil and highly plastic clays, and replacing with 6-8 inches of crushed stone base (larger than typical 4 inches) compacted in lifts to 95%+ density. This thicker base provides additional buffer between concrete and expansive soils while improving drainage preventing moisture accumulation that triggers soil expansion. For critical projects or particularly poor soils, geotextile fabric separates base from subgrade preventing fines migration, or lime stabilization treats subgrade clays reducing plasticity and swell potential. While this enhanced preparation increases costs 15-20% over standard construction, it's essential for preventing premature failure from soil heaving or settlement common in North Texas.
Frequently Asked Questions
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We provide commercial concrete paving throughout Cleburne and Johnson County:
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